Subnational

This paper aims to inform about the new challenges that our democracies are facing. In the twenty-first century, the danger to democracies does not resemble old generals and tanks taking the streets; democracies now are eroding from within.

Why do some citizens remove the same politicians that they elected from office? This article examines the use of recall referenda, an increasingly prevalent process in which citizens organize a vote to remove politicians from office before they complete their terms

Este artículo se presenta como un aporte a los estudios sobre el sistema de partidos peruano a escala subnacional. Se propone y …

Among the tools politicians have to stay in power, the use of the public budget is one of the most important. Government income shocks from, for example, natural resource extraction can substantially increase the electoral performance of incumbents.